Trauma — How It Impacts the Brain

Traumatic experiences, such as abuse, assault, or witnessing violence, can profoundly affect individuals, leaving them in a constant state of unease. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) not only influences emotions and stability but also has significant repercussions on physical and mental health. Fortunately, grasping how trauma affects the brain unveils opportunities for healing and reversal of symptoms.

The Fight-Flight-Freeze-Fawn Response

When confronted with a threat, the brain’s amygdala, a region associated with emotion and memory, takes centre stage. The amygdala rapidly assesses the situation and, if it perceives danger, signals the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic nervous system. This activation sets off a cascade of physiological changes designed to prepare the body for immediate action.

The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of stress hormones, primarily cortisol and adrenaline, into the bloodstream. These hormones serve as messengers, communicating with various organs and tissues to mobilize energy and resources. Heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, and breathing becomes more rapid, ensuring that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the muscles in preparation for physical exertion.